I’ve worked in the insurance industry for nearly 20 years, and I’ve (mostly) been pleased with how the industry collaborates, working together to solve problems and serve the global economy. As former Willis Re CEO John Cavanagh said in an interview with Insurance Thought Leadership, “Nothing flies, floats or gets built without insurance....Insurance plays a significant role in society, and we need to protect that.” Indeed, the insurance industry is a small world that plays a big role in protecting society at large. Create fusion, not friction Together, we’re charged with tackling the world’s challenges—from the worst of human nature to the worst of mother nature—and the only way we will succeed is by working together. Aristotle said, "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts." We can accomplish far more together than we can by working in silos. Focus on being the best at what you do, and bring that together with the best that another organization has to offer. That is insurtech. And, collaboration is not only necessary if we are to fulfill our promise to society, but it is the future of insurance. No one can go it alone in this industry. In the midst of uncertainty and change, we can be counted on to come together in crises. Can’t we? During last year’s catastrophes, specifically hurricanes Michael and Florence, I observed that not everybody was playing nice in the sandbox. Without a doubt, collaboration is happening in the industry, especially among carriers and insurtechs. It didn’t take long for incumbent re/insurers to buy into the value of teaming up with insurtechs. In fact, 83% of insurtech deals involve a re/insurer as an investor, according to Ernst & Young research. But, while many are exchanging the best of what they have to offer, some of our industry’s largest catastrophe modelers and data providers are still holding their data close to their vest. See also: Is Insurtech Wave Hitting a Riptide?   We (solution providers) can do a better job As a provider of geospatial insurance analytics software, we see collaboration as key to our business model here at SpatialKey. In fact, “play well with others” is one of our corporate values. We make great software, but we’re not a modeler or data provider. It’s simple: We need data companies, and they need our solution to more broadly reach insurers (and showcase the best of their data). But, this exchange is not happening with some data providers like it should be. We can do a better job of coming together to serve our mutual customers (re/insurers, MGAs, brokers), especially during catastrophes when they need it most. This means sharing the best of what we both have to offer (data and analytics) to the benefit of our insurance clients. Making data readily accessible and easily digestible helps insurers speed their response to insureds and start making a real difference for those affected by an event—right when they need it most. Insurers need easy access to trusted data To that end, these data providers need to fulfill their commitment to deliver trusted data and models, first. And help, not hinder, by making their data readily accessible and usable. I’ve witnessed first-hand the frustration felt by insurance professionals who need access to expert data right now. Insurers are working hard—scrambling and struggling to get information and make use of it. Not only do they need easy access to trusted data, they’re challenged with operationalizing sophisticated data. Collaboration gives insurers an easy path to expert data, and solves many of the challenges they face in times of crises, such as:

• Fast access to quality data — a streamlined way to access multiple perspectives from trusted authorities (e.g. for hurricane, bringing aerial imagery together with inland and surge flood extents and depths, as well as wind footprints with wind speed information)
• Operationalizing data — loading and getting increasingly sophisticated data into usable formats
• Interpreting data/models — understanding the nuances and how to apply the model for business use
• Easily integrating data into workflows — putting data at the fingertips of business users when they need it, without the need for GIS expertise

Opportunity gained or lost? It’s not only carriers who are faced with the necessity to embrace some level of transformation. The premier data providers in our industry may, too, benefit from exploring how technology through collaborative partnerships can transform their own business models. Catastrophe events, like those witnessed in recent years, present an opportunity for data providers to demonstrate their expertise and get their data into the hands of a broader insurance audience—through platforms other than their own. Insurers look to them—put their trust in them—and now they need them to collaborate in ways that make their data more readily accessible and consumable. See also: Insurtech: Revolution, Evolution or Hype?   Data providers: It’s time to play nice with others The solution is simple. Partner with insurtechs to give insurers an easy path to your data. Your time to shine is during crises. You can shine by sharing your valuable data with a broader audience and on a platform that enables carriers to more easily consume and interpret what your data is trying to tell them. Let’s fuse the best of each of us for the benefit of all who need our solutions most.

Most insurance companies understand that the industry has a looming obstacle to overcome, but they are not doing anything to prepare for this shift. A recent PricewaterhouseCoopers survey suggests that 74% of insurers view financial technology innovations as a challenge. While they might understand the potential of fintech, only 28% of industry players are working to collaborate with fintech companies. There is a definite disconnect between thoughts and actions. Moreover, a paltry 14% of insurers participate in accelerator and incubator programs, where potential is ripe for partnerships. As innovations ranging from AI to the sharing economy steer insurance toward disruption, the companies that drag their feet ultimately risk being left behind. A perfect combination of technology and data certainly has the potential to revolutionize insurance. In the coming years, leaders in insurance will lean on technology like bots and AI to help the industry flourish. Because insurance already involves so many algorithms, underwriting will soon reach levels of precision that were hard to imagine only a few years ago. See also: How to Embrace Insurtech Culture Cape Analytics, for example, is using technology to spot high-risk roofing in a sea of aerial images. Company data indicates that homes in the U.S. have an 8% likelihood of having a roof of either poor or severe quality. This is huge news for insurers — when a building has a low-quality roof, the possibility of a claim is 50% higher, and the resulting payout is generally larger. When insurers can gauge roof conditions in advance, they are in a better position to provide an accurate quote and avoid unexpected losses. The insurance industry has offered more uncertainty than peace of mind in years past, but innovation and digitization have the power to change that. Regardless of how this change happens, future insurance industry disruption will revolve around customers. Digitization in consumer finance has given industry players a wealth of data, but this evolution has yet to make a real difference in the lives of consumers struggling with the same financial problems that have plagued generations. New payment methods, robust financial applications, and a variety of shiny gadgets are great, but insurtech must tackle consumer concerns directly if they want to become true customer advocates. Technology has already left an indelible mark by making insurance cheaper, but cost savings are only the tip of the iceberg. Insurtech can make insurance products more attractive and easier to understand, which will increase the likelihood that customers recommend these products to friends and family. Improving experiences at an individual level might seem minor, but it has the added benefit of ensuring the broad swathe of underinsured customers in Europe and the U.S. are better-protected against risk. See also: Finding Value in Insurtech (Part 1)   Running toward insurtech rather than away from it will help companies cater to underserved markets and create disruptive offers. Many insurance companies are calling on insiders with industry knowledge — whether they are underwriters, actuaries or claims professionals — to become more involved and identify meaningful opportunities to solve problems. Instead of trying to catch up to emerging trends, insurers can use the potential of insurtech to leapfrog their competitors. With new technologies like the autonomous vehicle, medical advances and robotics becoming a viable reality, disruption in the insurance space is inevitable — even if it comes from outside of the industry. It is time for insurance executives to think ahead and embrace innovation as the heart of their strategies while determining how extensively they would like to work insurtech into their operations. The insurtech revolution is coming, and the companies that truly embrace this change will be poised to make the most of future disruptions.

Though they are often opponents, plaintiffs’ lawyers and insurers are rarely enemies. They may agree only to disagree, arguing with vigor—and countering objections to their arguments—on behalf of justice, as they define it; as they implore a jury to ratify it; as they ask a judge to certify it; as they appeal to the public to accept or reject it. But they are also professionals, which means they can separate the law from the litigants. They can talk to each other and learn from one another, so they may help not just their respective cases but the broader cause of safety and fairness. Insurers should host a summit between themselves and plaintiffs’ lawyers, because the former can better understand the concerns of the latter. Where they can do good, they should achieve it. Where they can pursue goodness, they should do it. Where they can negotiate in good faith, they should renew their faith in the good they can accomplish together. See also: Insurance and Fourth Industrial Revolution   According to Wayne R. Cohen, a professor at The George Washington University School of Law and a Washington, DC, injury claims attorney, talk is not cheap; but it is cheaper than battling for months or years in court. He says: "Dialogue is neither an expression of weakness nor an effort for the weak-minded. It takes discipline to listen to your adversary, in contrast to talking over what your adversary has to say. By showing respect, each side may improve its chances of finding common ground without losing territory, so to speak." I agree with Professor Cohen, not because I think every summit can solve every problem, but because I know we can solve some problems with a summit. If nothing else, a summit can clarify where insurers and plaintiffs’ agree, while it can reveal where a gap is too great to bridge and too dangerous to cross. Put another way, or to put it the way Winston Churchill said it: “Jaw, jaw is better than war, war.” It is better to talk, when the parties in dispute are not too disputatious to abandon reason and too eager to fight, than it is to lose so much over what may be so little. It is better to reduce the chances of war, by which I mean litigation, unless the avoidable, in theory, becomes the inevitable, in reality. Until that time, insurers should talk to plaintiffs’ lawyers. They should talk by exchanging ideas, not insults, because the essence of diplomacy is the attempt to reach a solution. Whatever complicates that attempt, be it words or deeds, be it threats or acts that threaten to disrupt these proposed talks—whatever each party can do, for the talks to continue, it should do. See also: Innovation: ‘Where Do We Start?’   Let the parties talk, so we can talk about—and praise—their attempt to do the right thing. Let them talk about what is right, based on their attempt to see it; based on their attempt to will it. Let them talk, please.

Insurtech came into its own in 2018. We saw insurtech startups successfully funded or acquired and established insurtech companies beginning to actually compete with legacy insurers. These insurtech trends will have a profound impact on the industry as 2019 unfolds. By 2025, insurtech will be everywhere — and many of the old habits of the insurance industry will likely be replaced by technological tools that offer better results, lower costs and happier customers. Insurtech Past: Hallmarks of 2018 The topic of insurtech was everywhere in 2018, and for good reason: Insurtech innovations have begun to disrupt every corner of the insurance industry, from underwriting to customer expectations. While established insurance companies dabbled in telemetrics, integrated their siloed computer systems or launched drones to assess damage claims, the biggest insurtech innovations and disruptions happened behind the scenes. Big Interest Meant Big Funding Over the past year, dozens of insurtech startups have attracted the attention of venture capital firms and independent investors. This has led to large and rapid investments in the industry, says Nathan Golia, Digital Insurance editor in chief. The first quarter of 2018 saw 66 insurtech funding deals secured; in the second quarter, 71 deals joined the list, Business Insider writer Lea Nonninger says. However, the overall funding amounts were smaller in the second quarter, indicating that 2019 may be a year in which new insurtech companies must prove themselves in the market rather than merely demonstrate their ability to excite investors. Established Insurtech Companies Outgrew Their Growing Pains The track record of older insurtech companies in 2018, however, provides a source of hope for emerging companies. Established insurtech businesses moved beyond their early struggles and into a place of industry stability and respect, Business Insider writer Sarah Kocianski says. Today’s most influential investors are choosing to invest not in brand new insurtechs, but in late-stage and follow-on funding rounds. This trend shows that the insurance industry has reached an inflection point, Deloitte leaders Garry Shaw and Sam Friedman say. This trend is likely to continue into 2019, increasing the pressure on insurtech startups to make good on their promises. See also: 3 Insurtech Trends Accelerating in 2019   Cyber Insurance Demanded Cyber Security Cyber security was a top concern for insurance in 2018. As a result, the market for online insurance products and services will continue to grow, Insurance Journal writer Michael Kasdin reports. This creates more pressure to keep customer and insurance company data safe from exploitation. In response to concerns about digital security, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) created the Insurance Data Security Model Law in 2017, Insurance Journal writer Don Jergler says. And several states have followed suit. In 2018, South Carolina enacted an insurance digital security law that closely paralleled NAIC’s model law. New York enacted a similar security law, and several other states are considering similar legislation in 2019. The question for insurance companies today is whether laws and regulations can keep pace with changing digital security demands, Clark Hill attorney Christopher M. Brubaker adds. Responsibility for staying ahead of security concerns may fall on the insurtech sphere, which will need to adapt in real time to protect both insurers and their customers. Insurtech Present: Rising Trends in 2019 Many of 2018’s trends will continue to grow and develop in 2019. Insurtech startups will likely continue to appear, and funding interest in these startups may stay strong for some time. Insurers seeking to learn from the growth of insurtech, however, would do well to keep their eyes on rapidly growing companies and the tools they’re embracing. Insurtech Moves From De-Siloing to Ecosystems In 2018, breaking down silos was still a major topic of conversation. As 2019 unfolds, however, the cutting edge of the insurtech industry is moving beyond mere de-siloing to embrace a fully integrated ecosystem model, McKinsey’s Simon Kaesler and Felix Schollmeier say. “Participating in ecosystems allows insurance players to add value through network effects – for instance, by leveraging allies’ already-established platforms – and to integrate insurance services into other products.” Ecosystem models improve customer communication, build trust and fit within the context of customers’ lives, Insurance Thought Leadership writers Roger Peverelli and Reggy De Feniks say. For instance, by working with a mortgage company, an insurer can position itself as a valuable ally to homebuyers when it comes to insuring the home they’ve worked so hard to purchase. APIs Take Center Stage An application processing interface, or API, allows computer programs to talk to each other without requiring the user to switch between the two programs, Petr Gazarov of FreeCodeCamp explains. From the user’s perspective, work is carried out within a single app or interface with which they’re familiar. APIs are already making inroads in fields like healthcare, where they allow legacy systems to communicate without human involvement. Insurance companies can leverage APIs to improve communication among previously siloed departments, says Caribou Honig, cofounder of InsurTech Connect. Honig predicts that APIs will become even more common in 2019. Insurtech Drives Mergers Mergers and acquisitions were a popular topic in 2018, and they’re likely to grow in 2019. Established insurance companies are picking up smaller insurtech businesses that have proven themselves in the market, Accenture analytics lead Sharad Sachdev says. “We’re already seeing big insurance firms acquiring small, innovative startups. The thinking behind this consolidation is very simple – that company could offer us a competitive advantage, and we would like to have that competitive advantage for ourselves.” As more insurtech startups prove themselves this year, established insurers will have more reasons to support them financially. Insurtech Future: What We’ll See by 2025 Changes on the horizon are poised to make the 2025 insurance landscape vastly different than today. Here’s where today’s insurtech trends may take insurance in the next six years. Artificial Intelligence Will Complement Human Intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is already being leveraged by a number of businesses to improve customer service, data analysis and similar tasks, PropertyCasualty360 writer Luke Cohler says. Today’s AI is still learning from us, however, and it often requires close supervision by humans to ensure it provides the promised benefits. In the coming years, this situation will likely be different. AI is advancing rapidly, and, by 2025, it may be so embedded into our daily lives that we’ll scarcely notice the support it provides, Google’s chief economist Hal Varian predicts. For insurance companies, the rise of AI will elevate communication unlike ever before. Specifically, AI will help providers better understand and handle claims on a personal level — all without diverting human attention to the conversation. Insurance Will Leverage Smart Contracts Blockchains, or distributed ledger systems, are already being used to improve security and data storage across the insurance industry. However, blockchains also offer the opportunity to create smart contracts, and it is here that insurance will benefit from the technology most, Insurance Thought Leadership writer Jay DeVivo says. See also: Insurtech: Revolution, Evolution or Hype?   A smart contract tracks when certain terms are fulfilled, then responds by triggering certain appropriate, predetermined actions, J.R. Gutierrez at CryptoVest writes. Because the contracts are stored on the blockchain, all of the document’s actions and parties are difficult to hack. For insurers, smart contracts can take steps like automatically responding to claims or adjusting coverage to match premium payments. This allows human workers to focus on the details that computers cannot accurately assess. Established Insurers Will Be Insurtech Companies The rising mergers and acquisitions trend between established insurers and insurtech companies is a response to the rising need to understand and leverage data, Insurance Journal’s Stephan Hochburger writes. Yet it is also only the first step in the digital insurance transformation. The merging of insurance companies and insurtech leaders will change the internal culture of the insurers that seek these relationships. As technology continues to embed itself within the insurance process, the line between established insurers and insurtech startups will blur. By 2025, insurance companies will be testing and launching their own tech tools, grown in-house. Insurtech companies will likely still exist, but they’ll be competing to innovate against both insurance companies and insurtech startups.

For many people, apps are a part of our everyday living – from Uber, to conference schedules, to how we find our restaurants. They can also be part of our resilience toolkit. When we consider a comprehensive strategy to suicide prevention and mental health promotion, it’s helpful to segment approaches into “upstream” (preventing problems before they emerge through self-help), “midstream” (catching emerging problems early and linking people to least restrictive support) and “downstream” (helping people with more serious mental health challenges and suicidal thoughts) tactics. Thus, for this article, I have organized some of the most popular, best-researched and most innovative apps into these three categories. Upstream: Resilience Self-Help Apps

• Positive Activity Jackpot

Developed by t2health, this app uses the phone’s GPS system to find nearby enjoyable distractions. It comes with a clinician’s guide:

• Calm

Calm is designed for people new to meditation – starting with guided practices from three to 25 minutes in length and focused on a variety of topics from sleep to gratitude.

• Breathe to Relax

Another t2health app, Breathe2Relax, offers portable stress management focused on diaphragmatic breathing skill-building that helps with anger management, mood stabilization and anxiety reduction.

• MoodKit

Based in cognitive behavioral therapy, MoodKit helps people improve their mood by engaging them in over 200 mood-enhancement activities like thought checking and journaling.

• Pacifica

Pacifica is designed to help people who live with anxiety through soothing meditation and other personalized self-help strategies. Check out the science behind this strategy. See also: Impact on Mental Health in Work Comp   Midstream: Early Detection and Peer Support/Life Coach Apps

• Life Armor

Another t2health app, this brief assessment tool helps users manage emerging symptoms like depression, sleep deprivation and post-traumatic stress. Videos share personal stories from warriors and military family members.

• DBT Diary Card and Skills Coach

Through this app, users can master the skills of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), known for its effectiveness in regulating emotions and interpersonal relationships. Users remind themselves of skills they are trying to develop and track skill use.

• TalkLife

Developed by folks at Harvard and MIT, TalkLife is a peer support platform that engages an online community when people just need someone who’s willing to listen. Posting can be done anonymously. Here is some research behind TalkLife.

• Koko

Also developed by researchers at MIT, this app provides help for people in all states of distress from bullying and harassment, or even thoughts of suicide and self-harm. Koko provides evidence-based supportive interactions with users while referring users in crisis to international lifelines for immediate help.

• Lantern

Lantern is a subscription service offering daily on-one-one coaching sessions and simple exercises combining cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and advice from real “professional coaches” trained in CBT. Recommended plans are personalized based on the user’s initial self-assessment. See also: Top 10 Ways to Nurture Mental Health   Downstream: On-Line Mental Health Services and Suicide Prevention Apps

• Virtual Hope Box

The original non-app version of the Hope Box was developed as a tool to help therapists in clinical practice work with their suicidal clients so they can find reasons for living. Clients would find something like a shoe box and fill it with future goals, pictures of loved ones, bucket list experiences and the like. When clients felt their suicidal intensity increase, they would bring out the box to remind themselves of these things. The Virtual Hope Box (VHB) does this and more. Still designed as something to augment treatment, the VHB helps people live through painful emotional experiences through distraction, inspiration, relaxation, coping, support and reasons for living.

• BetterHelp

BetterHelp is a monthly subscription on-line counseling app that matches people with licensed mental health professionals and gives them unlimited access to these therapists.

• My3App

My3app is a safety plan tool that helps people who are at high risk for suicide. It helps people develop a written list of coping strategies and sources of support. This app is based on content developed by B. Stanley & G. Brown (2008) and the Department of Veterans Affairs and is owned and maintained by Link2HealthSolutions, the administrator of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline created in partnership with the California Mental Health Services Authority and was funded by the California Mental Health Services Act.

• MyVAApps — Safety Plan for Veterans

Part of the MyVAApps suite of apps, the Safety Plan app helps users create or co-create with their therapist a safety plan that outlines specific steps to take when they face crises, including connecting to Veterans Crisis Line.

• SAMHSA — Suicide Safe

This app is designed to help healthcare providers reduce patient suicide risk and is based on the SAFE-T Approach. I am interested to hear about your experiences with these apps! What else have you used? What do you find to be most helpful in managing your resilience, mental health and emotional crises?

With more consumer-facing digital health products entering the market every year, we all jump on the bandwagon of hacking into our bodies and how they function. Adorned with smart watches, bracelets and pendants, we look into dedicated mHealth apps for valuable insights about our health status. Now, all kinds of care consumers can easily access their sleep, mood, cycle, temperature, blood glucose, heart rate and other vitals. We get used to monitoring the basic vitals for a better understanding of how the body responds to being deprived of the full night of sleep, which sparks curiosity on getting even more useful information. How about forecasting a disease developing in 10 years and rooted in our current lifestyle, finding a way to break the negative patterns and avoiding getting sick? While we are more than ready for this kind of superpower, it still takes significant time for the technology to hit this level of computing power and prediction accuracy. Luckily, the technology is already robust enough to give us a sneak peek into the emerging chapter in the preventive healthcare realm — scientific wellness. Wellness empowered by science Scientific wellness embraces a variety of population health data and an extensive range of techniques for its processing and analysis, including AI and machine learning. Scientific wellness enables a quantitative approach toward human health and creates highly personalized health profiles of individual patients based on their medical history, lab results, genome and metabolome, as well as patient-reported data from smart medical devices and wearables. The patient’s body is approached as a system with many variables that are analyzed and tracked to:

• Maintain a person’s wellbeing
• Predict hereditary diseases
• Reverse pre-disease states
• Reduce healthcare costs with personalized treatments

This approach strives to revolutionize wellness, which currently focuses on changing a patient’s behavior in diet and lifestyle according to rather scarce medical data and without substantial personification. Main components of scientific wellness Scientific wellness offers a systematic view of a person’s organism, comprising the following three elements: Cross-body insights The traditional approach to wellness and healthcare is reactive, focused mostly on fixing what’s already broken or about to break. Therefore, a patient’s biological systems are usually reviewed separately, based on symptoms and medical history. This approach fails to work in case of asymptomatic conditions or diseases with a wide range of symptoms that can fit different medical cases. And if a patient isn’t aware of some genetic diseases in the family, the patient may find out about a problem only upon early or even late development of symptoms. See also: Employee Wellness Plans’ Code of Conduct   Scientific wellness creates a multi-faceted review of different body systems that allows doctors to elicit patterns and understand a patient’s physiology, development and underlying risks for hereditary or non-hereditary diseases. The approach suggests harnessing the power of big data by acquiring a massive amount of information about an individual and carrying out the following procedures to extract actionable insights:

• Conducting the whole genome sequencing
• Analyzing blood, urine and saliva
• Evaluating gut microbiome
• Acquiring patient-generated health data from mHealth apps, smart medical devices and wearables

This approach can benefit population health in the future, too. Defining patterns across different conditions in individual patients allows clinicians to find common trends across populations, study the pathophysiology of diseases, elicit new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and contribute to preventive therapy development. Here’s where another data cluster comes in handy. Social media are actively researched as a data source for seasonal influenza predictions. Twitter can help to pinpoint trends for coming outbreaks up to 10 days faster than CDC’s Illness-Like Influenza Surveillance Network (ILINet). Further on, the personal disease susceptibility biomarkers can be analyzed together with the available data on previous outbreaks, assisting in epidemic control and prevention. A powerful high-tech alliance The other major component powering scientific wellness is a combination of approaches, technologies and computational tools for medical data quantification. For example, precision medicine that stands in the center of scientific wellness uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to accelerate genome sequencing. The trained algorithms streamline the search for known patterns and also find more underlying genetic correlations. But why limit AI and machine learning applications in healthcare to DNA analysis only? Scientific wellness challenges artificial intelligence with varied data, from medical images to monthly blood pressure trends or daily mood entries. Testing the AI against other patient data can reveal even more subtle dependencies in human bodies -- for instance, finding the balanced nutrition for a particular patient and help them avoid diabetes. Additionally, precision medicine starts adopting blockchain to facilitate processing of big data, increase medical data security and anonymize personal information for use in clinical reporting and population health research. Blockchain is perfect for the stack of scientific wellness technologies due to its secured and transparent nature. It allows all healthcare parties to become involved in healthcare democratization – as patient data becomes immutable and anonymized, clinical stakeholders, pharma companies, medical researchers, payers and patients themselves can collaborate across the care continuum and beyond. Population health data clouds Scientific wellness strives to support population health initiatives starting from individual patients. Each patient’s extensive and dynamic health profile is a distinct data cloud with billions of data points. They can be integrated to create a bigger picture in certain patient groups and uncover actionable insights about DNA-repair defects, particular conditions, susceptibility to developing morbidities and other health issues. See also: The Value of Workplace Wellness   By integrating these big data pools, we will be able to identify trends in transitions from healthy to sick states across rare and common diseases and unlock the opportunity for more effective preventive treatment. Population health will be more focused on therapy for rolling the condition back and stopping it from development, not the other way around. Another fad or near future? The reason why scientific wellness might become the next stage in healthcare evolution is that the technology level already allows analysts to dive deeper in patient data. Major healthcare software development providers, such as Itransition, prove it by pioneering and powering innovations in big data processing, precision medicine and medical image analysis. The multi-faceted approach to patient health status, data analysis technologies and unlocked opportunities for collaboration among all healthcare stakeholders creates an unprecedented area for preventive and reactive care delivery. It will be possible to predict genetic disorders developing at any age, avoid health deterioration in chronic patients and kick start preventive treatment creation. We can only welcome this scientific wellness era ahead and wish it becomes the next healthcare reality.

Digital transformation is at the top of most carriers’ agendas. But as life insurance sales move from the adviser to online channels, are we forgetting the science of persuasion? It is easy to sell candy. Candy tastes nice. It is full of sugar that our body craves, and we have to use our willpower to stop ourselves from overindulging. If you want to sell me more candy, you just need to make it easy to buy and hard to avoid. You can ensure the packaging is bright, bold and colorful so that it grabs my attention and makes it hard to ignore my cravings. You can place the candy by the supermarket checkout so that it tempts me while I'm waiting to be served. It is much harder to sell sprouts. Although they are good for you, sprouts just do not taste good to many people. We will not sell many more sprouts just by making it easier to buy sprouts. Wrapping them in beautifully colored packaging and placing them by the supermarket checkout is unlikely to lead to a dramatic increase in sales. Few people would find themselves unable to resist impulse-buying a pack of sprouts. It is both fortunate and unfortunate that selling life insurance is much more like selling sprouts than selling candy. Fortunately, like sprouts, life insurance is good for you. It protects families from losing their homes and livelihoods and enables people to leave a legacy to future generations. Unfortunately, for most people, life insurance does not taste good. We do not crave it, and we do not have to fight an impulse to stop buying more of it. So why, when we are creating digital distribution channels, do we assume that selling life insurance has suddenly become like selling candy? All the focus is on making it as easy as possible to buy life insurance by reducing friction. This is undoubtedly important, but it is not the whole picture. Carriers focused solely on reducing friction continue to see disappointing digital sales figures. Part of the reason is that we are looking to the wrong industries for inspiration. I have heard countless speakers at industry events talking about what we need to learn from businesses such as Amazon and Netflix. But Amazon and Netflix sell very different products than we do. I want to listen to music, read good books and watch great content – it tastes good. So just make it as easy as possible to do and as hard as possible to stop (Netflix’s auto start). See also: The 6 Principles of Persuasion   Persuasion is not reducing friction People who build digital systems are very good at reducing an activity to its core. They can identify waste and unnecessary steps to such an extent that experiences become so simple they are almost frictionless. But there is a danger to this approach: What digital designers see as friction may actually be persuasion. What might seem unnecessary may actually be core. A technologist might look at a server in a restaurant and think: “We don’t need a person to do that job; we can automate that.” It is only a few months later when sales, return visits and customer reviews are down that they realize the server does more than take your order and deliver your meal – the server welcomes you, makes you feel at home and signals the status of the establishment. In automating the insurance purchase journey, we have forgotten that financial advisers and life insurance salespeople do more than facilitate a purchase – they persuade the customer to make the purchase. We all know the oft-repeated adage that “life insurance is sold not bought.” But we seem to forget that when creating digital insurance platforms. So how do we sell more life insurance online? What does persuasion mean? What is clear is that while many people have a problem that life insurance can solve, most do not realize they have this problem. To sell life insurance online, we must awaken the need for it – just as advisers and salespeople do. Awakening the need for insurance Prompting awareness of a person’s mortality and morbidity can awaken a need. Traditionally, we have accomplished this by asking difficult and even disturbing questions:

• “Your family depends on you. Who would they depend on if you were no longer here?”
• “You work every hour of the day to provide for and look after your family. Who will do this if you're gone?”
• “If you had died this year, would your family have been able to afford to keep living in your house?”

These questions provoke an instinctive emotional response. For some, the answers will be comforting: “I have $1 million in the bank, so my family will be fine.” But for many the answers are worrying: “I don’t know how they’d cope.” The questions awaken a need people did not realize they had. They become anxious and determined to solve the problem they are now very much aware of. The challenge is to effectively replicate this approach online. Can a Facebook or Google ad grab someone’s attention and make a strong enough connection for these types of questions to work? Or will people react negatively to being asked such questions in this context? This still needs to be tested and proven either way. It may be that digital channels need a different approach, one that matches the context and the mood of people as they interact online. Carriers and startups are focusing on using more positive messages and storytelling techniques to engage customers. But too often these approaches lack real emotional punch – to awaken the need, we might need to shout rather than whisper. More fruitful could be approaches that work in a slower, less direct way but still use emotional intensity and tap into the inherent sociability of digital experiences. See also: How Customers Really Think About Insurance   For example, crowdfunding platforms that enable people to ask their friends and families to help pay their medical bills can help increase the demand for health insurance rather than reduce it as is often feared. Seeing a friend or family member suffer a serious illness prompts awareness of one’s own mortality and morbidity. Seeing them have to ask others to fund hugely expensive but potentially life-saving treatment makes people want to avoid ever finding themselves in the same situation. This awareness has awakened the need for life insurance and opened a potential sales channel. Mutual aid platforms using this approach are growing fast in some markets and appear to be increasing the size of the market rather than just winning market share. The potential for digital insurance sales is huge, but so are the potential pitfalls, which is why we at RGA have made this an area of focus. What is already clear is that we need to stop making assumptions that are simply not true and hoping people will suddenly crave life insurance in a way they never have before. We need to start creating products, platforms and communications based on how people really think and behave rather than how we think they should. If we continue to design our digital journeys for the ideal person, in effect we are designing them for no one.

In 2019, we will see many of the 2018 technology trends continue but with an added focus on business transformation and value. Innovation In 2019, we will see continued investments in insurtechs and fintechs, as more companies realize the value of technologies that enable the delivery of next-generation digital experience, especially in the area of customer engagement. Consumers’ demands are driving the need for better self-service capabilities, mobile capabilities and engagement tools. As with John Hancock’s use of Vitality and with SE2’s investment in Life.io, we’ve seen the creation of next-generation customer engagement platforms that leverage wearables and other social and industry data to get unique insights into prospects' and policyholders’ lives. That allows these companies to offer better needs-based, more personalized products. As insurers are able to access higher-quality data, there will be more experimenting with analytical models and algorithms to transform the underwriting, sales and marketing paradigms. Additionally, the ability to access consumer data in real time will continue to drive innovation in the insurance industry. Companies like Human API and Clareto are bridging the gap between heath information exchanges, healthcare providers and life insurance carriers, enabling them to fine-tune underwriting, claims and other business processes. Helping consumers live a better life and have a holistic approach to manage both their mortality and income risks is the way to go rather than sell point solutions with aggressive sales tactics. See also: 3 Insurtech Trends Accelerating in 2019   Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning While there continues to be excitement and conversation around artificial intelligence and machine learning, the fact of the matter is that the insurance industry as a whole continues to struggle with adoption. Issues around data governance still need to be solved, data rationalization is not complete and data quality continues to remain a major challenge for insurers. Looking ahead in 2019, there will be more work in this area as insurers make progress in putting into place the foundational elements needed to create a strong data paradigm that will enable AI and ML adoption as well as generate real business value. There will be progress made in creating and enhancing data repositories, data lakes and other foundational infrastructure technologies. This year will see a refocus on AI and ML -- especially in conversational AI -- that will enable insurers to streamline and augment the work of their own employees and distribution network, ultimately providing a superior experience to policyholders. Digital Transformation Driven by customers’ market needs, digital transformation continues to remain a key priority in 2019. Many insurers remain constrained by the complexity of their back-end systems, resulting in very real concerns around agility, value and delivering the right consumer experience. Consumers are demanding more simplified products, as well as a growing preference for bundled products with the overlap of income and mortality risk. Without a nimble, flexible architecture in place, many insurers struggle with launching products fast enough to capture new customers with these preferences and gain market share. The year 2019 will see an increase in insurers looking to create effective and efficient direct-to-consumer distribution channels or other digital distribution channels to reach the vastly underserved middle market and millennial customer segments. Additionally, there will be increased pressure by the market for lower pricing, leading insurers to create cost efficiencies through digitization of back-end processes, increasing usage of RPA (robotic process automation), STP (straight-through processing) and digitized operations processes throughout the entire lifecycle of the policy. There is not only a price play but a consistency and a quality play that our industry struggles with, as well. At SE2, we call this moving from a “high touch” to “low touch with hugs” operating model. End-to-End Platform Modernization Driven by the need to reduce or eliminate outdated legacy technologies and address business and technology architecture complexity, an end-to-end platform modernization focus will be a very high priority for life and annuity insurers this year. Insurance carriers are realizing that the investments they’ve made in front-end digital capabilities are not giving them adequate return on investment without a fully digitized, modern and simplified back-end system. These delay the time it takes to launch products and hamper the ability to streamline business models. With a digital, open architecture platform, insurers can easily integrate systems and plug in APIs to extend their capabilities. See also: 8 Key Insurtech Trends for 2019   Overall, 2019 should be yet another interesting year for our industry and SE2, as we see billions of dollars of innovation spending led by tech giants like Google, Amazon and Microsoft, and the L&A industry finally beginning to reposition itself.

You sit down with a cup of coffee. You resist the urge to check new emails or Slack messages. You want to spend a few minutes to plan out, in your mind, how you will keep the momentum going for your transformation agenda or your innovative product. After a lot of resistance, all the pieces have finally started to move in the right direction. Just a few more months of hands-on progress, and you will have reached an inflection point, so things will not regress back to how they used to be. But the new year has come with new goals, new budgets and new distractions. Will everyone still be focused on your initiative? Will some stakeholders check out because they have something new to chase or they never truly believed in the mission anyway? You begin to worry about how to sustain your agenda. You start to wonder how you should drive it differently this year. Sounds familiar? Read on for a time-tested way to make sure your transformation and innovation agenda succeeds. What makes transformation stick? Transformation isn’t all about a wonderful brainwave or an iconic product. Most of the companies that are considered leaders in innovation (think Amazon, Google, even Tesla) and companies that are successfully transforming themselves (think Microsoft, New York Times even Walmart) are often not the first movers. They are often taking existing ideas and existing products and reassembling them in a more compelling, more meaningful way for the customer. Why do they succeed where other large and experienced companies fail? My belief is that the successful companies – or their specific divisions – embed transformation and agility in their DNA. Their cultures and internal processes are no longer designed solely to protect today’s franchise. Instead they are focused on moving steadily toward the franchise of tomorrow as well as moving away – quickly – from failed ideas and plateauing business models. What does the transformation DNA look like?  Three intertwining strands make up the transformation DNA in an organization. You need each of them in order to succeed.

1. Strategic clarity. You can’t transform or innovate without a strong hypothesis about the direction of change in the economy or the society and a strong belief about how you, specifically, will capitalize on or drive that change. While it is important to be agile and course-correct your strategy as needed, aiming for the wrong strategic quadrant or trying to conquer multiple quadrants at once is often a recipe for failure.
2. Precise, yet nimble, execution. Bold strategies, great ideas and soaring visions are worthless if they don’t survive in the day-to-day realities of your organization or industry. To that end, you need a well-thought-out plan to execute them. You also need a mechanism to sense when to fine-tune your plan based on changing realities.
3. Critical mass. Out of three strands of the transformation DNA, this is the most elusive one. Many organizations are great at strategy, many are great at execution, but most fail to truly build the discipline needed for scaling. You need to set meaningful milestones and only scale your investments if you meet those milestones. This discipline ensures that ideas or strategies that do not pan out in the marketplace don’t become a bottomless pit and starve other more potent ideas.

See also: Culture Side of Digital Transformation   How do we know we have sufficient strategic clarity? Get your core cross-functional team together and collectively answer the following questions in an open-minded manner. If you identify any areas of weakness, brainstorm as a team how you can define that aspect of your strategy better.

• Concise strategy: Can you articulate your strategy in a succinct way? With today’s fleeting attention spans, you will not win converts or allies for your endeavor if you can’t give them a quick but clear view of where you are going. This is not just a matter of playing with words and semantics. Is your strategy based on a strong hypothesis about the future and about your own strategic play?
• Clarity of outcomes: Are you clear about what success will look like? Will you gain market share, cross a revenue threshold, leave certain competitors behind, save a material portion of costs or measurably improve customer experience? The intended outcome of your strategy needs to be clear, both as a measuring instrument and a rallying cry.
• Clarity of approach: How will you realize your strategy? Will you build or buy or partner? Will you optimize what you have or invent something? Will you build a product or a platform? Often, there are many ways to reach a goal, and knowing which ones you will be following is crucial to ensure alignment and efficiency.
• Clarity of priorities: No matter how well-planned your quest is, there will be moments of truth when you will have to choose one path over another or provide resources to one effort over another. Do you have a clear prioritization framework that will help you make those decisions?

How do we assess and strengthen our ability to execute? Having a good strategy is a good start, but it’s just one of the ingredients. You also need to make sure your execution engine is in top gear. Look for these essential elements of nimble execution:

• Alignment between execution and strategy: Have you assembled a team that has the resources and skill sets your strategy will require? Do they understand and internalize your strategy? The next step is to engage them in building the high-level contours of your execution plan. Does this plan truly reflect the defined strategy, or is it just a “copy/paste” aggregation of siloed functional plans?
• Granular execution plans: As unsexy as it might be, defining granular execution plans based on the high-level blueprint is crucial. The biggest benefit of doing so is to identify dependencies that go across functional siloes. That is where a lot of transformational efforts fail, as two functions operate at different speeds or from different blueprints and fail to support each other at the right moment of dependency.
• Frequent recalibration: Do you have a way to measure your progress against the execution plans? How frequently does the team review the progress and recalibrate? This does not necessarily mean a lot of bureaucracy and a lot of “progress reports.” If your teams use one shared, digital tracker, the progress can be visible to everyone in real time. Yes, you do have to have a conversation with the right folks if a recalibration is needed.
• Decentralized decision rights: While I recommend shared or centralized tracking of progress, decision rights should be as decentralized as practically possible. This allows quick adjustments at the ground level and often preempts bigger problems. A similar approach can be found the Petraeus doctrine, which the army follows in modern, asymmetric wars. Go ahead and empower your teams to make decisions on their own – within guardrails, of course.

How does the concept of critical mass apply to our initiative? “Thing big. Start small. Scale fast.” You may have heard one of the many variations of this powerful adage. Sometimes people say “Learn fast” or even “Fail fast.” The core idea here is to divide your journey into distinct phases that get you to the proverbial “next level” but only launch the next phase if you perform well in the earlier one. If you don’t get to critical mass, if your metrics fall short, you should go back to the drawing board and reconsider or reorient the initiative. Follow these steps to embed this thinking in your operating model:

• Phases reflect step functions of value: Take a step back and think about the end game. What is the big prize? What is the value that you will deliver? Now, zoom in a little and think about the first “win” you can produce. Similarly, define one or two additional steps in value before you get to the big prize. Delivering these early wins will earn you street cred and buy-in. Without these, you are likely to fail or get sidetracked before you reach the big prize. Another common pitfall is that, in reality, phases are often lazily defined – just tied to quarters or based on something one function is already planning to do. To succeed, it is crucial to define the phases based on value increments.
• Phases reflect step functions of effort: Each of the phases defined above often requires a different level of resources and effort. For example, your first phase may be a prototype for which you borrow a few resources and stitch together a barely functional solution. But if that works, you may need to bring in many more resources and collaborate across functions to build something robust enough to be sold to or used by real users. Finally, as you get to the scaling phases, you may need to invest even more resources, for example in usability, in security and, of course, in marketing and sales. Ideally, your phases should reflect step-function changes in resources and investment, as opposed to just continuing the status quo.
• Structured review of phase results: Just defining the phases is not enough. Your team will need to define very clearly what success looks like for each phase. And as you come closer to the end of a phase, you should review with your board or steering committee, how the phase has performed vs. what you had expected. This review needs to be structured and methodical and should drive a clear go/no-go decision. Because each new phase represents a higher level of investment (and return), there should be an explicit decision before you plunge in. Without a doubt, this is the hardest part of the whole journey. Being able to step back from something you have invested in – financially and emotionally – is hard, but sometimes that is the right thing to do.
• Feedback loop into strategy: Last but not least, these phase reviews should feed into the continuing strategy definition. Perhaps the competitive landscape has changed. Perhaps a new technology has disrupted your previous assumptions. Perhaps you were too enthusiastic in terms of what your in-house team could accomplish in the given time. The latest, more nuanced understanding of the ground reality should inform your strategy as you move forward.

See also: Core Transformation Is Not Negotiable   Transformation and innovation initiatives can be very exciting and fulfilling. However, if they do not win in the marketplace, they can be shuttered after enjoying a year or two atop the hype wave. You can avoid that fate and ensure that your initiatives win by building the transformation DNA in your organization using the above approach. Good luck, and do share your experiences and thoughts.

The World Health Organization recently released its list of the Top Ten global health threats in 2019. Making that list is "vaccine hesitancy." This includes parents who don’t get their children vaccinated from 100%-preventable, highly contagious diseases for personal liberty or religious reasons. Others include people who are simply too confused, too busy or badly misinformed and thus won’t get the annual flu shot. Why is WHO so concerned? It’s simple—the anti-vaccination movement has done incredible harm to the field of public health. WHO research estimates that vaccines prevent between 2-3 million deaths worldwide each year and that another 1.5 million children could be saved from preventable deaths such as the measles and diphtheria. Louis Pasteur and Florence Nightingale are turning over in their graves. As a small child, I participated in one of the greatest public health success stories in American history. I got the polio vaccine. Polio had been around since the start of recorded history. In 1952, there was a nationwide polio epidemic, with 58,000 new cases. With the advent of the first polio vaccine in 1955, developed by American medical researcher Jonas Salk, the number of new cases dramatically decreased to fewer than 6,000 by 1957. Another medical researcher, Albert Sabin, developed an oral vaccine (a sugar cube with the vaccine) in the early 1960s. I got the oral vaccine in 1962 with all the other kids in my neighborhood. Polio has since been virtually eliminated in the U.S. WHO reported only 22 cases world-wide in 2017, mostly in remote places controlled by the Taliban. Today, the polio vaccination program would be met by widespread resistance. The anti-vaccination movement would insist that the polio vaccine gives you polio. There are anti-polio vaccine researchers today who believe that the vaccine does not work and that the declining numbers are due to underreporting, manipulation of data and simply better sanitation. Really…? See also: Bridging Health and Productivity at Work   The anti-vaccination madness began in earnest when British medical journal the Lancet published an article using purported research linking the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps and rubella) to autism in children. The supposed link between the MMR vaccine and autism was later declared by the publisher of the Lancet to be “the greatest public health hoax in the past 100 years.” ( See, "To Be or Not To Be (Vaccinated)" The major problem is that recent surveys have shown that 30% of American adults still believe the link to be true. The measles, which is a highly contagious and dangerous disease, was once an epidemic in America. I got my lifetime immunity the hard way—I had the measles. Due to the development of the MMR vaccine, the measles was officially eliminated in America by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, the world-wide scare due to the hoax linking MMR to autism, and the false belief that the measles is not dangerous, has reared its ugly head and led to the WHO reporting a 30% increase in measles cases worldwide. There have now been a handful of measles hot spots reported in the U.S. in the past couple of years. Just recently, it has been reported that a person infected with the measles at a Portland Trailblazers NBA game has left at least 36 people infected in neighboring Washington state. A measles outbreak occurred in New Jersey in December that spread to two counties and that has been 100% linked to anti-vaccination sentiments and beliefs. This "vaccine hesitancy" threat is directly linked to another Top 10 global health threat: the fear of a global influenza pandemic. Unlike with polio or the measles, many different strains of the flu circulate around the world each year that have the potential to mutate into strains never seen before. The anti-vaccination sentiment contributed significantly to last year’s flu epidemic in the U.S. that killed 80,000 Americans, including 185 children. CDC research shows that 85% of children who die from the flu each year were not vaccinated. A recent survey performed in November by NORC, a research organization at the University of Chicago, found that 40% of adults in America do not plan on getting the flu shot this flu season (2018-2019). The CDC also estimates that up to 100,000 children will not be vaccinated against the flu this season. The scientific facts include that adults are five times more likely to die from complications from the flu, such as pneumonia, if they don’t get the flu shot. In addition, the flu shot prevents deaths in 65% of otherwise healthy children. CDC studies in the 2016-2017 flu season found that the flu shot prevented 5.3 million illnesses, 2.4 million medical visits and 85,000 hospitalizations. The biggest myth continues to be that the flu shot can give you the flu. I’ve heard people swear to it. Yet it is a scientific impossibility. It takes up to two weeks for the flu shot to take effect. So, people who get the flu after getting the shot either got the shot too late or they caught an entirely different strain of flu. Some people do experience a mild reaction to the flu shot. This actually means it is working. Everyone over six months should get the flu shot. Public health researchers state that even people who are allergic to the flu shot should get vaccinated, but only in a medical office or hospital where they can be monitored for a reaction. Flu season typically peaks in February, so there is still time to get the flu shot to help prevent serious illness—especially among the elderly, and infants less than six months who are exposed to a contagious person. See also: Focus Areas for Insurers in 2019   The WHO 2019 report shows that public health officials are deeply concerned with the potential for new outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases like the measles, diphtheria and influenza. What else is there to be concerned about? You name it: Air pollution and climate change are considered the greatest environmental risks to health. The primary cause of both is the burning of fossil fuels. Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes (See, "Diabetes: Defining Moment of a Crisis"), cancer and heart disease will account for 70% of the deaths this year worldwide, or roughly 41 million people. Rounding out the WHO Top 10 Global Health Concerns for 2019 are: anti-bacterial resistance due to the overuse of antibiotics; HIV; dengue fever; Ebola; fragile and vulnerable geographic locations where a quarter of the world population lives; and the overall lack of primary healthcare around the world. Stay tuned. I would like to thank my medical research assistant Chandler Berke (B.S., public health, and 2019 medical school candidate).